Soft Power in Hard Times: Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy During War

While hard power — such as military force and economic sanctions — has dominated the discourse on the Russian-Ukrainian war, soft power has played an equally significant role in Ukraine’s global strategy. Cultural diplomacy, often overshadowed in times of conflict, has emerged as one of Ukraine’s most effective tools for garnering international support and maintaining its national identity on the global stage. Even as Russian missiles strike Ukrainian cities, the country’s artists, musicians, writers, and filmmakers are at the forefront of a cultural resistance that resonates far beyond its borders.

Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy efforts are multifaceted. Ukrainian artists have hosted exhibitions, performances, and film screenings across Europe and North America, often highlighting themes of resilience, loss, and the quest for freedom. These events serve not only to showcase Ukrainian culture but also to counter Russian narratives that seek to diminish Ukraine’s sovereignty and historical identity. Ukrainian musicians and orchestras, for example, have performed in cities like London, Paris, and New York, using their art to communicate the emotional weight of the war.

Furthermore, Ukraine has utilized its cultural icons — both historical and contemporary — as symbols of resistance. Figures like the poet Taras Shevchenko and filmmaker Oleg Sentsov have become emblems of the country’s fight for independence and self-expression. In contrast, Russia has attempted to erase or appropriate elements of Ukrainian culture, reinforcing the importance of these diplomatic efforts in preserving Ukraine’s distinct identity.

The role of Ukraine’s diaspora in supporting cultural diplomacy cannot be overlooked. Ukrainian communities in countries like Canada, the United States, and Poland have organized cultural events, fundraisers, and advocacy campaigns to raise awareness and support for Ukraine. These communities serve as bridges between Ukraine and the wider world, amplifying the message that Ukraine is not just a geopolitical issue but a rich cultural entity with a deep historical legacy.

However, Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy faces significant challenges. The war has disrupted cultural production within the country, with many artists forced to flee or halt their work due to the destruction of infrastructure. Moreover, cultural diplomacy alone cannot replace the need for military and economic support. While international audiences may appreciate Ukrainian art, the success of these efforts ultimately depends on how they translate into tangible political and financial backing.

Nevertheless, Ukraine’s use of soft power has proven that cultural diplomacy is not just a peacetime activity. In times of war, culture becomes a means of resistance, a tool for survival, and a vehicle for international solidarity. As the war continues, Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy will remain a vital aspect of its broader effort to maintain global attention and support for its cause.